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Investigating Associations of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Lung Function Decline, and Airway Obstruction

Rationale: Inflammation contributes to lung function decline and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit lung health. Objectives: Investigate associations of omega-3 fatty acids with lung function decline and incident airway obstruction in diverse adults from general population cohorts. Methods: Complementary study designs: (1) longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and repeated FEV1 and FVC measures in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pooled Cohorts Study, and (2) two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids and lung function parameters. Measurements and Main Results: The longitudinal study found that higher omega-3 fatty acid levels were associated with attenuated lung function decline in 15,063 participants, with the largest effect sizes for the most metabolically downstream omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). An increase in DHA of 1% of total fatty acids was associated with an attenuation of 1.4 mL/year for FEV1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.8) and 2.0 mL/year for FVC (95% CI 1.6–2.4) and a 7% lower incidence of spirometry-defined airway obstruction (95% CI 0.89–0.97). DHA associations persisted across sexes, smoking histories, and Black, white and Hispanic participants, with the largest magnitude associations in former smokers and Hispanics. The MR study showed similar trends towards positive associations of genetically predicted downstream omega-3 fatty acids with FEV1 and FVC. Conclusions: The longitudinal and MR studies provide evidence supporting beneficial effects of higher levels of downstream omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, on lung health.

  • 24 July, 17:47
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EMA statement on ongoing review of GLP-1 receptor agonists

EMA’s safety committee, the PRAC, is reviewing data on the risk of suicidal thoughts and thoughts of self-harm with medicines known as GLP-1 receptor agonists,1 including Ozempic (semaglutide), Saxenda (liraglutide) and Wegovy (semaglutide). These medicines are used for weight loss and for treating type 2 diabetes. The review was triggered by the Icelandic medicines agency following reports of suicidal thoughts and self-injury in people using liraglutide and semaglutide medicines. So far authorities have retrieved and are analysing about 150 reports of possible cases of self-injury and suicidal thoughts. Liraglutide and semaglutide medicines are widely used, with an exposure of over 20 million patient- years2 to date. It is not yet clear whether the reported cases are linked to the medicines themselves or to the patients’ underlying conditions or other factors. The review is being carried out in the context of a signal procedure. A signal is information on a new adverse event that is potentially caused by a medicine or a new aspect of a known adverse event that warrants further investigation. The presence of a signal does not necessarily mean that a medicine caused the adverse event in question. Saxenda and Wegovy are authorised for weight management, together with diet and physical activity in people who are obese or overweight in the presence of at least one weight-related health problem. Ozempic is authorised for the treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to diet and exercise but has been used off-label for weight loss. Suicidal behaviour is not currently listed as a side effect in the EU product information for any GLP-1 receptor agonists. The review of Ozempic, Saxenda and Wegovy started on 3 July 2023 and has now been extended to include other GLP-1 receptor agonists. This review is expected to conclude in November 2023.

  • 21 July, 09:17
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Butunlay yo'qolgan kasalliklar

Deyarli unutilgan kasalliklarning ko'plari hali ham mavjud: vabo, moxov, tif. Shunga qaramay, aksariyat odamlar ba`zi infektsiyalar ustidan to'liq yoki deyarli to'liq g'alaba qozonilganligi haqida bilishmaydi. Chechak O`tmishda ana shu kasallikdan o`rtacha 10 ta bemordan 3 tasi vafot etgan. Omon qolganlarning terisida ko'pincha chandiqlar qolib ketgan va ba`zilari ko'r bo`lib qolgan. XVIII asrda Yevropada bu kasallik yiliga 400 mingga yaqin odamni o‘ldirgan. Chechak isitma, zaiflik, bosh, bel va qorindagi og'riqlar bilan boshlanib, kasallikning 2-3 kunida yuz va qo'llarda, keyinchalik badanda toshmalar paydo bo'lgan. Unga qarshi birinchi dozadan samarali bo`lgan arzon vaktsina borligi sababli, chechak juda tez va onson yengildi. Kasallikning alomatlari yaqqol ko`rinadigan bo`lgani uchun bemorlarni darhol izolyatsiya qilish imkonini berdi. Chechakni yo'q qilish kampaniyasi 1968 yilda boshlangan va Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti 1980 yilda kasallik butunlay yo'qolganini e'lon qildi. Qoramollar vabosi Bu kasallikning qo'zg'atuvchisi qizamiq virusining "yaqin qarindoshi" bo'lgan ortovirus edi. 1980-yillarda Afrikadagi so'nggi yirik epidemiya 2 milliard dollarlik zarar keltirdi.Qoramollarni emlash orqali kasallikni yo'q qilish bo'yicha global dastur 1994 yilda boshlangan va 2010 yilda qoramol vabosi butunlay yo`qolganligi e'lon qilingan. Bu infektsiya odamlarga ta'sir qilmadi. Shunchaki ommaviy emlash kasalliklarni qaytarib bo'lmaydigan darajada yo'q qilishi mumkinligini yana bir misolidir.  Uyqu kasalligi 1919 yildan 1926 yilgacha Yevropa va Shimoliy Amerikada letargik ensefalit epidemiyasi tarqaldi. O'shandan beri bu kasallik boshqa umuman uchramagan. Uning qo'zg'atuvchisi hali ham aniqlanmagan.Kasallik kuchli isitma, bosh og'rig'i, letargiya (holsizlanish, o'ta charchash), katatoniya (harakatsizlik), kechasi uyg'oq bo`lib va kunduzi esa, aksincha, uzoq vaqt davomida uxlash bilan namoyon bo'ldi. Og'ir holatlarda bemorlar komaga tushib vafot etdilar. Omon qolganlarning 60% parkinsonizm rivojlandi.Olimlar kasallikning sababi "ispan grippi" virusi bo'lishi mumkinligini taxmin qilishdi - og'ir pandemiyaga sabab bo'lgan maxsus shtamm, bu ensefalit tarqalishi bilan bir vaqtga to'g'ri keldi.  Ingliz teri (terlash) Ingliz terlash - bu Angliya va Yevropada, asosan, 15-asr oxiridan 16-asrning o'rtalariga qadar keng tarqalgan noodatiy kasallikdir. Kasallik Rossiyada ham sodir bo'lgan. Uning tarqalishi boshqa epidemiyalarga o'xshamas edi: kasallik ko'pincha qishloq aholisiga ta'sir qildi, epidemiyalar uzoq davom etmadi. Kasallikning sababi noma'lumligicha qolmoqda, unga xantavirus sabab bo'lgan degan tahminlar bor. Kasallik kuchli titroq, qattiq bosh aylanishi, bo'yin va bo'g'imlarda og'riqlar bilan boshlanib, 1-3 soatdan keyin terlash, isitma, ongning xiralashishi, chidab bo'lmas uyquchanlikni keltirib chiqargan. Bemorlarda o'lim darajasi yuqori edi.16-asrdan keyin kasallik juda kam uchraydi. 1907 yildan keyin G'arbiy Yevropada ingliz terlash bilan kasallanish holatlari qayd etilmagan.

  • 20 July, 11:32
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